{"id":92,"date":"2025-09-08T15:56:47","date_gmt":"2025-09-08T19:56:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.wabash.edu\/stephenson-institute\/?p=92"},"modified":"2025-09-08T15:56:47","modified_gmt":"2025-09-08T19:56:47","slug":"the-political-economy-of-medieval-guilds-and-growth","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.wabash.edu\/stephenson-institute\/2025\/09\/08\/the-political-economy-of-medieval-guilds-and-growth\/","title":{"rendered":"The Political Economy of Medieval Guilds and Growth"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_94\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-94\" style=\"width: 1024px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-94 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.wabash.edu\/stephenson-institute\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/49\/2025\/09\/Merchant_Adventurers_Hall-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.wabash.edu\/stephenson-institute\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/49\/2025\/09\/Merchant_Adventurers_Hall-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blog.wabash.edu\/stephenson-institute\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/49\/2025\/09\/Merchant_Adventurers_Hall-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blog.wabash.edu\/stephenson-institute\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/49\/2025\/09\/Merchant_Adventurers_Hall-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blog.wabash.edu\/stephenson-institute\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/49\/2025\/09\/Merchant_Adventurers_Hall.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-94\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">York Merchant Adventurers Guild Hall (Wikimedia Commons)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\"><br \/>\nEric Wilhelm, a new scholar-in-residence at the Stephenson Institute, recently discussed his research on medieval guilds and their impact on economic growth with Marcus Shera of <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/theeconplayground.substack.com\/p\/the-political-economy-of-medieval?r=fnks&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;triedRedirect=true\"><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">The Econ Playground<\/span><\/i><\/a><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">.<\/span><\/i><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Wilhelm explained that European guilds existed from 1000 to 1800 AD, from the \u201clate medieval to pre-industrial era.\u201d Craft guilds had \u201cboth a commercial component involved with some sort of production process\u201d and had social aspects similar to \u201cclubs.\u201d These tradesmen such as blacksmiths, masons, weavers, or bakers were organized into \u201cranks of apprentice journeyman to master,\u201d who were trained in this way \u201call the way back into the medieval era.\u201d Wilhelm emphasized \u201cthe variety of organizations, variety of industries, types of crafts, and structures that they were involved with.\u201d Stressing that guilds were not \u201ca purely private order institution,\u201d they \u201ctypically shared religious practices\u201d as well.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><iframe title=\"The Political Economy of Medieval Guilds and Growth - Eric Wilhelm GMU Dissertation\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/bX5aezbchVQ?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">One key historic question for Wilhelm dates to Adam Smith: Did guilds hinder growth through restrictive practices like long apprenticeships and setting prices? Or did they solve market failures such as asymmetric information and foster social cohesion? Wilhelm noted that proponents on both sides \u201ccan even accept many common facts and interpret them in different ways.\u201d Craft guilds were involved with \u201chuman capital formation and specialized their production processes. As these organizations acquired both knowledge and power within the city, they were able to regulate those larger spheres of economic activity.\u201d<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_95\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-95\" style=\"width: 140px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-95\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.wabash.edu\/stephenson-institute\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/49\/2025\/09\/Wilhelm_Eric_2025_1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"140\" height=\"186\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-95\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Eric Wilhelm<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">His research, detailed in chapter two of his dissertation, found that \u201ccities with craft guilds were larger and grew faster than cities without guilds.\u201d Specifically, \u201cGuilds raised the steady-state population equilibrium of cities by 70% and were associated with 7-9% higher rates of urban growth per century.\u201d Wilhelm clarified that \u201ccraft guild presence for an entire century contributed roughly 7% growth for that city in the subsequent century.\u201d This positive relationship was strongest \u201cin that earlier period from 1000 to 1300 AD\u201d but \u201cafter the Black Death that relationship was not as strong.\u201d<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Guilds also played a significant role in local governance and finance. Wilhelm found that \u201ccity-states with higher measures of craft guild activity and guild assembly representation had lower nominal interest rates on their public bonds.\u201d He explained that \u201cthose city states that had higher guild representation or had a guild constitution were able to issue government debt municipal bonds and issue them at a lower rate of interest compared to other city states in a sense much lower cost of borrowing.\u201d Municipal governments also leveraged guilds to \u201coffload the cost of enforcement onto the guilds.\u201d<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Thus Wilhelm\u2019s research provides a nuanced view of medieval guilds, demonstrating their complex roles in fostering urban growth and public finance\u2014especially prior to the Black Death\u2014while also acknowledging their potential for coercive power.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">For more information, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/youtube.com\/watch?v=bX5aezbchVQ&amp;embeds_referring_euri=https%3A%2F%2Ftheeconplayground.substack.com%2F\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">watch the video<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"none\"> here at <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">The Econ Playground <\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"none\">or <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.google.com\/view\/ehwilhelm\/home\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">contact Eric Wilhelm directly<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"none\">.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Eric Wilhelm, a new scholar-in-residence at the Stephenson Institute, recently discussed his research on medieval guilds and their impact on economic growth with Marcus Shera of The Econ Playground.\u00a0 Wilhelm explained that [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":203,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"iawp_total_views":84,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-92","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"acf":[],"w_featured_image_url":"https:\/\/blog.wabash.edu\/stephenson-institute\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/49\/2025\/09\/Merchant_Adventurers_Hall-1024x768.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.wabash.edu\/stephenson-institute\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/92","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.wabash.edu\/stephenson-institute\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.wabash.edu\/stephenson-institute\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.wabash.edu\/stephenson-institute\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/203"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.wabash.edu\/stephenson-institute\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=92"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/blog.wabash.edu\/stephenson-institute\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/92\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":97,"href":"https:\/\/blog.wabash.edu\/stephenson-institute\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/92\/revisions\/97"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.wabash.edu\/stephenson-institute\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=92"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.wabash.edu\/stephenson-institute\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=92"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.wabash.edu\/stephenson-institute\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=92"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}